Social and Psychological Factors of Methamphetamine Abuse Research Paper

Social and Psychological Factors of Methamphetamine Abuse - Research Paper Example As can be seen, choosing cocaine (and/or methamphetamine) is made without regard for the repercussions of danger or punishment. This information is exceedingly noteworthy when one looks at the effect methamphetamine has on its users. These precarious behaviors described by users as an intense high or euphoria, heightened sexual experiences, and focused attentions have been repeated in further studies and reveal that habit and compulsion overrides the recognition of obvious hazards. Even though there are reports of extreme paranoia and depression for weeks after abuse, users will continue to use making it difficult to hold down a job or take care of a family (American Council on Drug Education, n.d.). Looking at some of the most current theories in clinical and behavioral research, this paper will explore the multifaceted roles which predispose individuals to methamphetamine abuse by evaluating the psychological and social factors of addiction. Generally, peer group is one of the most import social factors leading to Methamphetamine abuse. As friends take this drug, individual finds it cool to use it. This has generally been one of the reasons why people at a young age start using abusive drugs. According to the national institute of health, ‘Monitoring the future survey’, drug abuse in 8th-10th graders is lesser (National Institute of Drug Abuse). However, it does exist, suggesting how ‘trying to be cool’ attitude may have influenced all this young students to take the drug. This is specifically the case with male students as boys are more likely to be aggressive and naughty as compared to girls. The colorless and odorless drug, when taken, increases the cognitive activity and makes the individual feel happier and excited. Hence, when the social surrounding becomes depressing, people tend to divert to such drugs. Due to the satisfaction gained by this drug,

Buffalo, New York Essay Example for Free

Buffalo, New York Essay Nature, in its core function, is the cause and effect relationship offered to things with ascertainable objectivity, happening without cause. From this we can easily conclude that the state of the nature of something that something being an object with â€Å"thing-hood†, as humorously described in class is its beginning purpose and generality. There are a few debatable definitions of nature, which at first glance are very similar. On hand, we have nature that is described as the first, inchoate, thing belonging to it. To put in simply an objects nature is its core material for example, the nature of my Odd Future Fitted tee-shirt is Cotton. As well we have nature described as quote on quote the shape or look. This statement points to nature as the stereo-type or look of an object, for example, my MacBook does not have the nature of a MacBook unless it assumes the look of a generic looking MacBook. When looking at these definitions it is hard to find a large degree of difference as the stereo-typical MacBook is not only composed of parts generally used to construct a MacBook, but also its acceptance and appearance as a MacBook. For clarification we can use Aristotles example of a doctor healing himself. A artisan of medicine does not have the nature of a Healer, as that would imply that he attained this skill naturally, which is not true. For something to have nature said nature must come into being without cause. Therefor it is safe to assume that the Healer, whom is an artisan of medicine, is a Healer, but has the nature of a normal very day human. When speaking of nature Aristotle means the natures of particular things and would perhaps be better translated a nature a things. What causes differences amongst Laptops and people, even between two Healers? This can be answered by looking at chance. By chance variations are made upon things not to its nature, but to its physical or otherwise growth from its nature. For this reason we must assume that all things have a categorical nature, with variations to its structure. The term purpose can be applied to the science of nature because purpose is an integral part of nature its self. One can come to the conclusion that nature, being the first being thing-hood of an object, is parallel to its purpose by definition. Under these thoughts we inclusively described nature as the original cause or purpose of an object, with relation to its makeup, compositions and molecular materials. The grammatically correct sentence â€Å"Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo which means Buffalo New York bison, whom other Buffalo bison bully, themselves bully Buffalo New York Bison. This statement really speaks to the nature of words in the English language. Nature can be defined as living things in the natural world such as Animals, Humans, Plants, Protista, Fungus, and, various others. Theses thing are often associated with the natural world, one thing that is often called unnatural are the actions of humans, such as the making of plastic or unstable isotopes and mechanical constructs. Is it unnatural for humans to fly around in giant metal contraptions, is it natural to be able to cancel or postpone the effects of disease, is it unnatural to stop a potential pregnancy with just one pill, these are questions that one should ask when discussing the definition of nature or even human nature. According to the dictionarys definition of nature, humans are a part of nature. If this is true, then one can ascertain that all acts of the humans behaviors are quote on quote natural and will lead to natural consequences. What is the nature of humankind, many different philosophers during the renaissance have explored this thought. According to Wikipedia the distinguishing characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling acting and reacting, that humans tend to have by their nature, independently of the influence of culture. In the eyes of Merriam-Webster human nature is the fundamental disposition and traits of humans, theories about the nature of humankind form a large part of every culture. It can be said that the nature of humans is that of a selfish, competitive, very social or altruistic. Some may even say that the true nature of humans is that of a selfish yet remarkably smart ape that is bent on destroying itself, or that they are the one true guardians of the planet earth, sent here by some unknown force to protect and safe guard for generations to come. Most people believe that humans were created by God, and can go through immense improvement if economical, and social conditions were reformed so that hunger, death, and disease could be wiped off the face of the earth. There are lots of people that would argue that nature of humans is innately bad. Looking throughout history there are a plethora of accounts in which humans have shown the less admirable side of our nature. It can be said that it is quite natural for humans to kill and degrade the lives of other human (it does happen on a regular bases). Humans in their natural state have a tendency for greed and selfish behavior, a need to satisfy their own wants and desires; which often comes at the expense of other living things, human or animal. Of course since Man is a part of nature, and there for all his action are natural, one can’t really say that these attributes are particularly good or bad they are natural.

Spike Lee Pride and Prejudice :: essays papers

Spike Lee Pride and Prejudice Anyone who would dismiss Spike Lee as a racist is confusing pride with prejudice. Sure, he's abrasive, blunt, unvarnished and maybe egotistical. But he's also got the self-confidence, fearlessness and knowledge of his personal mission that in past years, and some parts of Idaho today, would have gotten him called an uppity N-word, maybe worse. This reaction to him, to him in America today, and on our campus this week, is an illustration of how far whites (yes, whites) in this nation have not come. Lee makes films about various aspects of the African-American experience in America. His debut in 1986, "She's Gotta Have It," was about the man problems and prevails of a young black woman in the big city. "Do the Right Thing," his 1989 incitement of racial strife was a warning flag of urban angers a full three years before the L.A. Riots. "Malcolm X" was a stirring bio-pic about the slain black leader who preached a strident brand of self reliance in an age when most said looking to the government for help was the last best hope of African-Americans. It was also the best film biography since "Gandhi." "Gandhi" may be the best bio-pic ever. Are other filmmakers, like Martin Scorsese or Oliver Stone criticized for telling stories about exclusively white protagonists? Does anyone wave the flag of racism when Woody Allen makes his 100th film about neurotic Jewish men in New York? No, and they shouldn't. Creators work on what they know. The very fact that Lee is labeled and thought of as the "black filmmaker" is an illustration of just how right Lee is when he talks about the largely lily-white nature of Hollywood, and the nation it entertains. And a lot of what he has said, even the supposedly racist comments, have plucked a tone of truth in areas where, frankly, most whites would prefer the strings go unplucked. His most famous comment, that blacks by definition cannot be racist, was right. When he said that, he was talking about institutional racism (a fact adroitly cut from most news accounts of his comments). Blacks, by definition, can't be institutionally racist. They simply don't have the power. Maybe someday they will, but now, you can't point to any institution, and very few corporations, in which African-Americans have enough power to even exercise the thought of implementing institutional racism.

Religion Versus Science in The Scopes Monkey Trial :: American America History

Religion Versus Science in The Scopes Monkey Trial   Ã‚  Ã‚   The stage was set in Dayton, Tennessee.   The leading actor in this show was a twenty five-year-old science teacher named John T. Scopes. Scopes was under the direction of advancing America.   The playbill read The Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial.   In 1925 John T. Scopes was encouraged to challenge the Butler Law.   This law had been passed by a small town in Dayton, Tennessee to prohibit teaching contra to those in the Bible. Teaching from an evolutionary text, Scopes broke the law and gained the attention of the National media.   The concentration of the media on the Scopes Trial effectively presented the contrasting ideas of a religious town and an evolving country.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The town in Dayton, Tennessee was both religious and stable.   People in this town were seen holding signs marked with the command to â€Å"Read Your Bible† (Ginger 93). The inhabitants here had adopted the teachings of the Bible in order to feel secure within a time of change.   â€Å"In rural areas, particularly in the South and Midwest, Americans turned to their faith for comfort and stability† (Scopes 12).   The town would hold on to what they knew.   People in Dayton had no desire to travel forward with the roaring twenties.   William Jennings Bryan was the leading defender of the Butler Law as well as heading the prosecution. Bryan was determined to defend as literally true every word of the Bible.   In the deepest sense, he had to defend it; he needed reassurance and certainty, and since childhood had learned to rely on the Bible as the source of reassurance and certainty.   (Ginger 41).   Bryan would be the leader to a people who held on to religion and the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In contrast to this small town were the advancing views of America.   The twenties continued to roar towards modernism.   â€Å"Breakthroughs in technology, the increase in material wealth, and the beginning of an empire seemingly heralded the upward march of civilization, with America on the forefront† (Dumenil 6).   In all directions, it was clear that America was moving forward.   Transportation was a prime example of this advancement.   Innovator Henry Ford introduced his â€Å" Ford Miracle† to the public (Dumenil 6).   Economies and the social values also began to advance.   â€Å"Dubious get-rich-quick schemes and fads†¦contributed to a tone of feverish frivolity† (Dumenil 7).   People began to lead fast paced lives with the desire to become rich, quickly.

Outline the argument supermarket power is a zero -sum game

Outline the argument supermarket power is a zero -sum game BY bluebell Outline the argument that supermarket power Is a â€Å"zero-sum†game Before we discuss the argument let us understand first what the terms â€Å"power† and â€Å"zero-sum† mean. Power is a complex term used denote influence, control and domination, (Taylor, et al. 2009,p. 59). The power used by supermarkets includes buying and market power. The big four supermarkets in the U. K. Account for approximately 75% of the food and groceries market therefore giving them significant market power.Their buying power Is the ability they have to negotiate prices with suppliers and the rage chains thus being able to demand discounts when buying In such large quantities. This gives them the ability to influence things such as pricing, for example offering goods at below cost prices. The term zero-sum game is used when one party's gain will be another's loss therefore equaling a zero sum. A good example of th is is slicing a pie, if one person takes a large slice there is less for everyone else.The pro supermarket campaigners argue that the supermarkets use their power for good and all parties Involved benefit to some extent creating a positive sum gain but he the following argues to the contrary__ As shoppers they offer us a wide variety of products at affordable prices, in accessible locations. Additionally they offer employment, boosting local skills and helping to draw in other businesses such as restaurants and retailers to sometimes failing local economies but at what cost to others?Do the low prices mean that somewhere down the supply chain someone else's profits are being squeezed? Has the out of town retail park been a catalyst In the decline of Britain's high streets? In 2006 retail commentator Judi Bean reported hat the big four operated around 3900 stores with Tests alone taking one pound at the tills for every three we spend. Since then they have continued to grow branching out into the corner shop concept and opening an additional 1500 stores in a bid to capture even more trade.In years gone by our towns would have a variety of independent shops made up of butchers, bakers and fishmongers, but these are in decline and we are now dominated by by big chain stores offering us practically Identical goods at very similar prices. If this Is the case are they really offering us any hospice at all? Across the country they monopolies towns and areas where small local businesses are unable to compete on pricing being forced to shut down.Food writer Joann Blackman, (2005) uses Dundee as an example and recalls that in the sass the town had ten bakers; now there are two left, five fishmongers with one remaining and eight or nine butchers only one of which has survived and six grocers where again only one has survived.. In their place are four Testes, two Sad, a Morrison and a Kingsbury. In her pollen there Is a distinct correlation between the arrival of the gig c hains and the demise of the small independents, thus implying a zero-sum game.The supermarkets have an immense buying power and their supply chain stretches across the globe. When dealing with the large conglomerates like Proctor and Gamble, Milliner and Nestle the balance of power is pretty much even, as their global muscle puts them in a strong position to negotiate. However the farmers, such a fortunate position. Small suppliers claim that the supermarkets are continually putting pressure on them, coercing them into prices cuts that push them to the point that there economic livelihood is in doubt.This relationship between the suppliers and supermarkets can be depicted as a David and Goliath affair, with the small independents up against the big multiples Just as the small independent stores on the high street are up against the big chain stores as previously mentioned. With this pressure being applied to suppliers to keep costs down they in turn pass this on to their employees. Here in the I-J we have low paid often migrant workers cutting, sorting and packing vegetables and salads for the big stores.Felicity Lawrence has written about the exploitation of these workers in her book Not on the Label (2004) and in newspaper investigations. She highlights how agency workers, often from eastern European countries such as Romania, Poland and Bulgaria, are employed by â€Å"gang masters† to work on farms and in processing and packing plants and are frequently paid hourly rates below the minimum wage, are subjected to illegal deductions and are bussed from Job to Job at their employers will.These people are not directly employed by the supermarkets but, she claims, that they are aware of the practices and turn a blind eye to it so they can continue to benefit from he situation. Additionally she points out that you will not see any such evidence of this on labels of the packets of salad or bags of chicken pieces which line their shelves. Lawrence implies tha t we as consumers can indulge in cheap products at the expense of those exploited and often vulnerable workers.You could therefore infer that the supermarkets are using their power or dominance to control the labor market. For us to gain from the low prices at the checkout someone else must lose out in the case it is the suppliers and their workforce. With this in mind let us look rather field at the workers in such places as Bangladesh. In 2006 and 2007 The War on Want, a U. K. Based non-governmental organization, made accusations against Sad and Tests that they were boosting profits and the expense of the workers in the sweatshops of Bangladesh.They carried out a survey in six large facilities in Dacha, each employing between 500-1200 workers. The results of the survey showed that the worker, of which the majority are female, had been subjected to overcrowding and unhygienic work conditions along with forced overtime and verbal intimidation, tit access to trade unions being refuse d. All the factories surveyed were known to be supplying cheap clothing to the I-J market, specifically Tests and Sad and all were paying wages below that needed to provide for themselves and their family.The pressure applied by the stores on the factory owners to keep costs down means that they have no room to maneuver. The war on want claim that it the absence of a living wage in such places that keep our Jeans, shoes and other clothing at such low prices. Taking all of the above into account we can conclude that although we as nonusers benefit from low pricing and abundance of choice and the supermarkets continue to increase their profits, there are many within the chain that don't benefit so greatly.We can therefore say that supermarket power is definitely a zero sum game. Word count – 1134 Bean, J. (2006) Trolley Wars: The Battle of the Supermarkets, London, Profile Books Blackman, J (2005): Shopped: The shocking Power of British Supermarkets, London, Profile Books Lawre nce, F (2004) Not on the Label, London, Penguin War on Want (2006), fashion Victims: The true cost of cheap clothes at Primary. Sad and Tests, London,

Post Civil War Times essays

Post Civil War Times essays After the Civil War, many settlers from the East moved west, the new frontier during the 1860-1890 period. Among those settlers were farmers, miners, railroad builders, and cattlemen who all wanted the rich, vast lands of the West. The movement west occurred because of the following reasons: the railroad companies wanted land to establish railways from the East to the West, farmers felt that the Western land would make them rich, miners wanted the land for the rich silver, gold, and other minerals, and cattlemen wanted to establish the profitable "cattle business" by using the long drive method. The Whites wanted this land no matter what, and they refused to let anything stand in the way of their goals. This led to Indians facing drastic consequences which impacted their way of life, Indian Wars, and the policy of Americanization. The Whites wanted to drive the Indians out of their own lands, and they accomplished this through several ways. One was the destruction of the buffalo, the staff of life for the Indians. The Whites' purposes for exterminating the buffalo were to stall railroad construction, kill for their hides, certain body parts, and/or just for the pure enjoyment of killing these beasts. The Indians needed the buffalo since it provided food, shelter, clothing, weapons, and religious rituals. With most of the buffalo dead, the Indians lacked the necessities of life. Therefore there was a decline of the Indian population. Another way was the diseases of the White man. Indians weren't resistant to these diseases like small pox; therefore, it also contributed to the decline of the Indian's population. Another brutal way was by form of violence. The Whites used Calvary or the ARMY to control the Indians. They also used the revolver, the "six-shooter," something that the Indians didn't have in order t o defend themselves. The factor of violence led to the Indian Wars, which took place during the 1860s-1890s. The first ba...

Susan Faludi essays

Susan Faludi essays I AM NOT A BARBIE DOLL. Before you even start reading, these capital letters catch your eye. To add more, she tells us it was held up by a little girl, which plays with our emotions. Susan Faludi uses very great strategies to grab attention. Facts, strong words, emotion, and outside sources. She adds more drama to her subject. When you read the handout, you can hear the sad background music and see the pictures of suffering women. Faludi keeps interest throughout the introduction. She does not leave any spots that allow our minds to wander and think about other subjects. It is very dense, meaning that it is not just a few sentences filled in with repetition and words to drag out the paragraph. The introduction has a great set up. Faludi begins with a fact, something we cannot doubt. Then we get a little history, followed by a quote from another book. She adds another fact, one in which emotion is involved. The finish states her argument when she has our undivided attention. With this great structure, you can hear Faludi on the podium arguing her point to hundreds of audience members. The reading gives facts that cannot be argued with. They are half (in fact, now more then half) of the national population... Faludi lists examples and quotes that get your mind on the subject immediately. She lists things that are real like dates, events, books, and people. Susan Faludi carefully picks strong words and phrases: Feminist, capacity, fighting, independence, free, define, be forced to choose, public justice, private happiness. ...a simply worded sign hoisted by a little girl... If she were to use less colorful words, it would lose interest and sound too informative. Arguments that are stated well with colorful words is what gets people who do not care to start showing some interest. It gets the person who began reading, and would usually end halfway through, to ...